A few weeks after the UN Security Council issued its March 7 resolution (Res. 2094), banning the travel of executive officers of NoKor companies tagged in the resolution as arms dealers and traders of ballistic missiles, freezing the assets of NoKor research centers and other corporations said to be involved in developing the missiles and nuclear weapons system of NoKor, and banning trade with and traffic to NoKor of missile parts, nuclear items, materials for chemical weapons, and luxury items such as jewelry with pearls, gems including diamonds, sapphires, rubies, emeralds, precious metal, and transportation items like yachts, luxury automobiles and other cars except public transport, but including station wagons, racing cars; North Korea issued its nuclear war threats that have become more aggressive each week. Some pertinent provisions of said resolution: United Nations .: General 7 March 2013 Resolution 2094 (2013) Adopted by the Security Council at its 6932nd meeting, on 7 March 2013 The Security Council, Recalling its previous relevant resolutions, xxx Reaffirming that proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, as well as their means of delivery, constitutes a threat to international peace and security, xxx Expressing the gravest concern at the nuclear test conducted by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (“the DPRK”) on 12 February 2013 (local time) in violation of resolutions xxx Concerned that the DPRK is abusing the privileges and immunities accorded under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic and Consular Relations, xxx Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and taking measures under its Article 41, 1. Condemns in the strongest terms the nuclear test conducted by the DPRK on 12 February 2013 (local time) in violation and flagrant disregard of the Council’s relevant resolutions; a complete, verifiable and irreversible manner; xxx 12. Calls upon States to take appropriate measures to prohibit in their territories the opening of new branches, subsidiaries, or representative offices of DPRK banks, and also calls upon States to prohibit DPRK banks from establishing new joint ventures and from taking an ownership interest in or establishing or maintaining correspondent relationships with banks in their jurisdiction xxx xxx
15. Decides that all Member States shall not provide public financial support xxx xxx 16. Decides that all States shall inspect all cargo within or transiting through their territory that has originated in the DPRK, or that is destined for the DPRK, or has been brokered or facilitated by the DPRK or its nationals, xxx xxx 18. Calls upon States to deny permission to any aircraft to take off from, land in or overfly their territory, xxx 37. Decides to remain seized of the matter. Annex I Travel ban/asset freeze 1. YO’N CHO’NG NAM. (a) Description: Chief Representative for the Korea Mining Development Trading Corporation (KOMID). The KOMID was designated by the Committee in April 2009 and is the DPRK’s primary arms dealer and main exporter of goods and equipment related to ballistic missiles and conventional weapons. 2. KO CH’O’L-CHAE. (a) Description: Deputy Chief Representative for the Korea Mining Development Trading Corporation (KOMID). The KOMID was designated by the Committee in April 2009 and is the DPRK’s primary arms dealer and main exporter of goods and equipment related to ballistic missiles and conventional weapons. 3. MUN CHO’NG-CH’O’L. (a) Description: Mun Cho’ng-Ch’o’l is a TCB official. In this capacity he has facilitated transactions for TCB. Tanchon was designated by the Committee in April 2009 and is the main DPRK financial entity for sales of conventional arms, ballistic missiles, and goods related to the assembly and manufacture of such weapons. Annex II Asset freeze 1. SECOND ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. (a) Description: The Second Academy of Natural Sciences is a national-level organization responsible for research and development of the DPRK’s advanced weapons systems, including missiles and probably nuclear weapons. The Second Academy of Natural Sciences uses a number of subordinate organizations to obtain technology, equipment, and information from overseas, including Tangun Trading Corporation, for use in the DPRK’s missile and probably nuclear weapons programmes. Tangun Trading Corporation was designated by the Committee in July 2009 and is primarily responsible for the procurement of commodities and technologies to support DPRK’s defence research and development programmes, including, but not limited to, weapons of mass destruction and delivery system programmes and procurement, including materials that are controlled or prohibited under relevant multilateral control regimes. (b) AKA: 2ND ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES; CHE 2 CHAYON; KWAHAKWON; ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES; CHAYON KWAHAK-WON; NATIONAL DEFENSE ACADEMY; KUKPANG KWAHAK-WON; SECOND ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE; SANSRI (c) Location: Pyongyang, DPRK 2. KOREA COMPLEX EQUIPMENT IMPORT CORPORATION. (a) Description: Korea Ryonbong General Corporation is the parent company of Korea Complex Equipment Import Corporation. Korea Ryonbong General Corporation was designated by the Committee in April 2009 and is a defence conglomerate specializing in acquisition for DPRK defence industries and support to that country’s military-related sales. (b) Location: Rakwon-dong, Pothonggang District, Pyongyang, DPRK Annex III Items, materials, equipment, goods and technology Nuclear items 1. Perfluorinated Lubricants. • They can be used for lubricating vacuum pump and compressor bearings. They have a low vapour pressure, are resistant to uranium hexafluoride (UF6), the gaseous uranium compound used in the gas centrifuge process, and are used for pumping fluorine. 2. UF6 Corrosion Resistant Bellow-sealed Valves. • They can be used in uranium enrichment facilities (such as gas centrifuge and gaseous diffusion plants), in facilities that produce uranium hexafluoride (UF6), the gaseous uranium compound used in the gas centrifuge process, in fuel fabrication facilities and in facilities handling tritium. Missile items 1. Special corrosion resistant steels — limited to steels resistant to Inhibited Red Fuming Nitric Acid (IRFNA) or nitric acid, such as nitrogen stabilized duplex stainless steel (N-DSS). 2. Ultra high-temperature ceramic composite materials in solid form (i.e. blocks, cylinders, tubes or ingots) in any of the following form factors: (a) Cylinders having a diameter of 120 mm or greater and a length of 50 mm or greater; (b) Tubes having an inner diameter of 65 mm or greater and a wall thickness of 25 mm or greater and a length of 50 mm or greater; or (c) Blocks having a size of 120 mm x 120 mm x 50 mm or greater. 3. Pyrotechnically Actuated Valves. 4. Measurement and control equipment usable for wind tunnels (balance, thermal stream measurement, flow control). 5. Sodium Perchlorate. Chemical weapons list 1. Vacuum pumps with a manufacturer’s specified maximum flow-rate greater than 1 m3/h (under standard temperature and pressure conditions), casings (pump bodies), preformed casing-liners, impellers, rotors, and jet pump nozzles designed for such pumps, in which all surfaces that come into direct contact with the chemicals being processed are made from controlled materials. Annex IV Luxury goods 1. Jewelry: (a) Jewelry with pearls; (b) Gems; (c) Precious and semi-precious stones (including diamonds, sapphires, rubies, and emeralds); (d) Jewelry of precious metal or of metal clad with precious metal. 2. Transportation items, as follows: (a) Yachts; (b) Luxury automobiles (and motor vehicles): automobiles and other motor vehicles to transport people (other than public transport), including station wagons; (c) Racing cars.
News peg: US deploys another warship off the Korean peninsula.
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Some historical context of the conflict between North Korea and South Korea from international law perspective can be gleaned from the following UN Security Council Resolutions in the 50s on armed clashes between the two:
United Nations Security Council Resolution 82 (1950) of 25 June 1950 The Security Council, Recalling the finding of the General Assembly in its resolution 293 (IV) of 21 October 1949 that the Government of the Republic of Korea is a lawfully established government having effective control and jurisdiction over that Part of Korea where the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea was able to observe and consult and in which the great majority of the people of Korea reside; that this Government is based on elections which were a valid expression of the free will of the electorate of that part of Korea and which were observed by the Temporary Commission, and that this is the only such Government in Korea, Mindful of the concern expressed by the General Assembly in its resolutions 195 (III) of 12 December 1948 and 293 (IV) of 21 October 1949 about the consequences which might follow unless Member States refrained from acts derogatory to the results sought to be achieved by the United Nations in bringing about the complete independence and unity of Korea; and the concern expressed that the situation described by the United Nations Commission on Korea in its report1 menaces the safety and well-being of the Republic of Korea and of the people of Korea and might lead to open military conflict there, Noting with grave concern the armed attack on the Republic of Korea by forces from North Korea, Determines that this action constitutes a breach of the peace; and Calls for the immediate cessation of hostilities; Calls upon the authorities in North Korea to withdraw forthwith their armed forces to the 38th parallel; II Requests the United Nations Commission on Korea: (a) To communicate its fully considered recommendations on the situation with the least possible delay; (b) To observe the withdrawal of North Korean forces to the 38th parallel; (c) To keep the Security Council informed on the execution of this resolution: III Calls upon all Member States to render every assistance to the United Nations in the execution of this resolution and. to refrain from giving assistance to the North Korean authorities. Adopted at the 473rd meeting by 9 votes to none, with 1 abstention (Yugoslavia)
United Nations National Security Council Resolution 83 (1950) of 27 June 1950
The Security Council, Having determined that the armed attack upon the Republic of Korea by forces from North Korea constitutes a breach of the peace, Having called for an immediate cessation of hostilities, Having called upon the authorities in North Korea to withdraw forthwith their armed forces to the 38th parallel, Having noted from the report of the United Nations Commission on Korea1 that the authorities in North Korea have neither ceased hostilities nor withdrawn their armed forces to the 38th parallel, and that urgent military measures are required to restore international peace and security, Having noted the appeal from the Republic of Korea to the United Nations for immediate and effective steps to secure peace and security, Recommends that the Members of the United Nations furnish such assistance to the Republic of Korea as may be necessary to repel the armed attack and to restore international peace and security in the area. Adopted at the 474th meeting by 7 votes to 1 (Yugoslavia)
